THE PROPHET SULAIMAN (peace be upon him)

The Prophet Sulaiman (Solomon) was the youngest son of the Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  He was born at Jerusalem.  The name of his mother was Saba.  As he was a talented fellow with versatile gifts, his father made him his heir.  After the death of Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) he ascended the throne of Judia on account of his sagacity, power of judgement, right understanding and spiritual insight.  The Holy Qur’an says: “And We verily gave knowledge to Dawud and Sulaiman and they said: praise be to Allah Who has preferred us above many of his believing sons”.  (27: I5)

The Prophet Sulaiman Makes Sound Decisions:

The Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) was endowed with the quality of giving sound decision in complicated cases.  Once a dispute arose between two persons.  They were present before the Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  One of them said: Sir, the sheep of that person have trampled over my crops.  They have grazed and caused me a considerable loss.  It must be compensated by the owner.  The shepherd was very poor.  He had nothing except sheep and the damage done to the crops exceeded the price of the sheep.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) ordered the defaulter to give his sheep to the owner of the land as reparation.  Sulaiman, the teen-aged child was listening to the judgement of his father.  He, respectfully, spoke out: Dear father, undoubtedly, your decision is correct but it will be handed over to more appropriate if all the sheep are the plaintiff for the utilisation of their milk and wool only.  The respondent should be directed to render services to the owner of the field until the condition of the damaged fields restores to the normal position.  When it is done, sheep must be given back to the shepherd.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) appreciated this novel way of awarding justice and the Holy Qur’an speaks very highly of him:

“And Dawud (David) and Sulaiman (Solomon)  when they gave judgement concerning the field, when people’s sheep had strayed and browsed therein by night; and We were witnesses to their judgement.  And We made Sulaiman to understand (the case); and unto each of them We gave judgement and knowledge.” (21: 78, 79)

Prevalence over Wind:

The Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) inherited many virtues from his illustrious father.  He was endowed with special gifts.  Wind was made subservient to him and he could easily perform long journey in the twinkling of an eye.  The Holy Qur’an affirms:

“And (We made) the wind subservient to Sulaiman whereof the morning course was a month’s journey and the course a month’s journey.” (54:12)

“So We subjected the wind to his power, setting fair by his command withersoever he intended” (38:36)

“And unto Sulaiman We subdued the wind in its raging.  It flows by his order towards the land which We had blessed And of every thing We are aware.” (21:81)

The Prophet Dawud Perceives the Speech of the Birds:

The Prophet Sulaiman peace be upon him) was gifted with the knowledge of understanding the speech of birds, animals and insects.  He was also capable to talk to them.  The Holy Qur’an testifies to it in the following Verses:

“He (Sulaiman) said: O’ People! We have been taught the language of the birds and have been given (abundance) of all things; this is indeed grace manifest (from Allah).”

Jinns are Subdued to Him:

He was also given the power over Jinns and Devils.  He utilised them in his service.  They carried out his orders ungrudgingly and were punished when they became refractory The Holy Qur’an affirms:

“We gave (Sulaiman) certain of the Jinns who worked before him by the permission of his Lord.  And such of them as deviated from Our command, We caused to taste the punishment of flaming fire to them.  They made for him what he  willed; synagogues, images, basin-like reservoirs and cooking cauldrons fixed into the ground.  Give thanks, 0′ House of David! Few of my bondsmen are thankful.” (24: 12, 13)

In another Verse the Holy Qur’an says: “And before Sulaiman were marshalled his hosts–of Jinns, and men and birds and they were all in order and ranks.” (21: 17)

It is stated that the Jinns were subjugated to the Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) to help him in the construction of the Holy Temple – Baitul Muqaddas (Masjid Aqsa).

Ardent Lover of Horses:

The Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) was also a great lover of horses.  They constituted an essential part of his army.  When they returned after a mission, he would give them strokes of affections on ankles and necks.  The Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) did so in approbation of their loyalty and high speed.

The Incident of the Queen of Saba:

The area which now comprises Yemen and is known as Saba was ruled by a queen.  It was a prosperous kingdom.  The queen enabled its people to attain a high degree of civilisation.  One day Hud informed the Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) of the flourishing kingdom of Saba.  It said:

“The ruler of Saba is the queen upon whom, God has bestowed His unlimited favours.  Her throne is magnificent.  She is depraved.  The inhabitants of her kingdom worship the sun and the moon.  They do not make obeisance to Allah and refrain from thanking Him Who has created all these objects.” Sulaiman, the Prophet of Allah and the King wrote a letter and handed over to Hud to be conveyed to the queen of Saba.  He warned her not to be arrogant of her power.  He advised her to submit to God and abide by His Commandments.  The queen read this letter and was much puzzled.  As she was a prudent lady, she called her chiefs and sought their counsels.  Some proud chiefs suggested to fight tooth and nail against the Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) whereas the others left the matter for her to decide.  The Holy Qur’an says:

”She said: O’ chiefs! Advise me in this affair for I never decide an affair until you are in my presence.  They said: We are endowed with strength and ale possessors of mighty powers  but the command is thine.  Therefore see what you will command.” (27:29-33)

The queen did not like to embroil her country into war because it would cause destruction.  She thought of a plan and arranged for precious gifts for the monarch.  She planned to germinate cordial relations and pacify her warlike subjects by using this device.  But wealth had no value for the Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him).  He was annoyed at the delivery of the presents.  He returned them with harsh words and said to the messenger:

“I do not hanker after wealth.  I, therefore, attach no importance to there Costly gifts.  I wish that the queen and his followers should submit to God and follow the true faith.  I shall invade your country if the queen does not come to me in submission.”

After some time the King marched with an army and passed through the Valley of Ants on his way to the kingdom of Saba.  In the Valley he overheard the conversation among the terrified ants who hurried towards their holes for fear of being crushed under the feet of the marching army.  The King was moved to pity and learnt the lesson to protect the life and honour of the humble creatures.  He thought that the queen and his people are just like humble ants.  They should not be trampled upon and killed to win Fame in the world.  An account of this incident is related in the following Verses:

“At length when they came to a valley of ants, one of the ants said: 0′ ants! Get into your holes lest Sulaiman and his hosts crush you without knowing it.  Thereupon he smiled at her speech and he said: 0′ my Lord! So order the that I may be grateful for Your favours which You have bestowed upon me and my father and that I may work the righteousness that will please Thee and admit me by Your grace into the ranks of Your righteous servants.” (27: 18, 19)

The King did not proceed further because he did not like the massacre which would result in case of clash between two armies.  His aim was to reform the queen and the inhabitants of Saba.  He desired to bring them to the right path.  He wished to save the depraved people from seduction.

When the queen got wind of an expected attack of the Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) she proceeded towards him to patch up differences.  When the King came to know of her departure, he ordered one of the Jinns to bring the magnificent throne of the queen in the twinkling of an eye.  The command was obeyed immediately.  When the queen arrived at the court of Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) after a long journey, she was asked to identify her throne.  She recognised the throne and said:

“I am already aware of your power and majesty.  I have come to you as your submissive servant.”

The Holy Qur’an states:

“So when she arrived she was asked: Is it your throne? She said: It was just like this and we were given the knowledge before it and we were already submissive and he diverted her from the worship of others besides Allah, for she was Sprung of a people that have no faith.” (7:4L, 43)

The queen was taken to the lofty palace.  Its floor was made of slabs of polished glass that deceived the eyes and looked like water.  The queen tucked up her shirt to pass through it.  She was reminded that that was not water.  She then realised that reality did not lay at the surface and it needed eyes to see.  According to the Holy Qur’an she said:

“O’ my Lord! I have indeed wronged myself; I do submit with Sulaiman to the Lord of the Worlds.” (27:45)

The queen of Saba felt penitence and accepted the religion of God.  The Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) ruled for thirty years.  He died at the age of eighty-nine years.  After his death Rohoboam, his son became a king.  He led a luxurious life and yielded to pleasure seeking temptations.  The people revolted against him and soon the glorious chapter of the reign of Prophet Dawud’s family came to an end.

THE PROPHET DAWUD (peace be upon him)

Dawud (David) was not only an illustrious Prophet of the Israelites but he was also their king.  The Holy Qur’an affirms:

“And Allah gave him the kingdom! and wisdom and taught him of that which He willed.” (2: 251).

“(And it was said unto him) 0′ Dawud!To! We have set you as a vicegerent in the earth, therefore, judge aright between mankind and follow not desire.” (38:26)

The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) had an ancestral link with the Prophet Ya’qub (peace be upon him).  He lived in Bait-ul-Lahm which was situated at the distance of ten miles from Jerusalem.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) was the youngest of his eight brothers. The Prophet Samuel  (peace be upon him) had received an indication that the Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) would become king after Jalut (Goliath).  He went to Baitul-Lahm to cast a glance at Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  He was much impressed at his attractive and angelic sight.

The Prophet Dawud Adopts the Companionship of Talut:

According to the Torah Talut (Saul)was in quest of a man who could play on a harp.  As the Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) was well versed in this art, he was asked to come to Talut and stay with him.  The Prophet Dawud  (peace be upon him) passed most of the time in the companionship of his master and visited his father off and on.  He helped him in tending the sheep.  Thus he got an opportunity to hunt wild beasts.  The Holy Qur’an, makes mention of Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) at many places.

Heroic Deeds of Prophet Dawud:

The Bible relates an incident which throws a light on the heroic deeds of Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  Once a war broke out between the Israelites and the Philistines.  The army of the Philistines was commanded by Jalut who was a man of lofty stature.  He put on a shining armour.  The Israelites were overawed to see Jalut’s army which was well accoutred.  He called out his opponents to combat but none of the Israelites had the courage to accept the challenge.  He declared: In case any one of the Israelites overpowered me, I would surrender to him but if I gained the upper hand, the opponents would have to become under the sway of the servitude of the Philistines.  The Israelites were terror-stricken.  They had lost their courage and self respect.  The Prophet could not bear this disgrace.  So  he decided to face Jalut for the sake of truth, honour and dignity.  The king Talut advised him to refrain from fighting with an experienced warrior.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) did not budge an inch from his decision.  He took his cudgel and proceeded towards the battle-field to fight with Jalut.  When they faced each other, Jalut disdained his adversary and cursed him by taking the name of some deities.  He threatened Talut that his flesh would be thrown before the wild beasts and birds.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) did not care for such warnings and marched forward.  He prayed:

“Our Lord! Pour out constancy on us and make our steps firm and help us against those who are disbelievers.” (2:249)

By God’s will Jalut was killed by Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) and his army was put to rout.  The Philistines took to their heels.  The Israelites chased them and came by an enormous booty.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) won a good deal of appreciation and popularity because he rescued his people from those grave dangers which prevailed over them.

The Prophet Dawud is Raised to Eminence:

Talut (Saul) enriched Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) with valuable rewards and gave his daughter in marriage to him.  He appointed him as the Supreme Commander of his army because of his valour.  When he saw that Prophet Dawud’s influence was increasing rapidly, he began to feel jealous of him.  He nursed enmity against his son-in-law.  The son of Talut was very kind to Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  He informed him of the real position.  The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) tried his best to clear the mind of his father-in-law but in vain.  Accidentally Taint was killed by his enemies and his son committed suicide.  The Israelites unanimously acknowledged the Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) as their king.  He managed the administration of the country efficiently.  He conquered vast areas of land.  The people prospered during his reign.  They became morally strong, just, fair-minded and God-fearing

They worshipped one God.  Their minds were illuminated with the light of true guidance.

Revelation of Zabur:

Allah revealed the Zabur (Book of Psalms) to Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  It contains lessons for the guidance of Israelites.  The Holy Qur’an says:

We gave to Dawud Zabur.  (4: 163)

Whenever he recited the verses of the Zabur  in a sweet melodious tone, the listeners began to dance in a fit of religious frenzy.  They Rocked around him and eulogised God in the accompaniment of Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  Above all the beasts.  birds, creeping insects and even mountains were fascinated on hearing the recitation of the hymns from the Zabur.  The Holy Qur’an affirms:

“We bestowed grace aforetime on Dawud from Ourselves.  O  ye mountains! Sing you back the praises of Allah with him and you birds also.” (34:10)

It was We that made the hills declare in union with him Our praises at eventide and the break of day and the birds all with him turned to Allah.” (38:18,19)

The Prophet Dawud as an Adept Craftsman:

Iron is hard stuff but in the hands of Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) it became soft and pliable to be turned into any shape.  As an adept craftsman he made coats of mail.  Thus the manufacture of this defensive armour is traditionally attributed to the Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him).  The Holy Qur’an says:

“It was We who taught him the making of coats of mail for your benefit, to guard you from each other’s violence.  Will you then be grateful.” (11:80)

“And We made the iron soft  for him (commanding) make thou coats of mail balancing well the rings of chain armour and work ye righteousness.” (34:10)

The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) was endowed with the knowledge of understanding the tones of the bird.  He could talk and listen to the birds just like human beings.

Death and Burial:

The Prophet Dawud (peace be upon him) passed away at the age of 70 years.  He was buried in Jerusalem.

THE PROPHET SHU’AIB (peace be upon him)

The People of Madian and Their Character:

Long ago a nation colonised in the northern Arabia.  This nation had an ancestral link with Madian, the son of Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).  The name of the habitation where he resided was also Madian.  It was a fertile land which produced rich crops.  Most of the people had adopted trade as their profession and earned a lot of money by fair or foul means.  They hankered after wealth from dawn to dusk.  They used to give short measures and weight to their customers.  They were dishonest and deceitful in their dealings.  In addition to malpractices in commerce and trade the People indulged in theft, debauchery, fornication and numerous unlawful acts.  The abundance of wealth had made those people refractory and wayward.  They were not afraid of God even and did whatever they liked.  They ignored all moral values.  Allah sent Shu’aib for the reformation of His people.  The Holy Qur’an says:

“And unto Madian We sent their brother Shu’aib who said: O’ my people! serve Allah, you have no god save Him.  There has come to you a manifest sign from your Lord: then give good weight and measure, and be not niggardly of your gifts to men and do not do evils in the earth after it has been righted.  That is better for you if you are believers.” (7:83-86)

The Prophet Shu’aib Preaches and is Tortured:

According to the research of Ibn Khaldun the mother of Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him) was the pious daughter of the Prophet Lut (peace be upon him).  His genealogy joins with Madian son of Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him).  The Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him) was an eloquent orator.  He had the surname of Khatibul Anbiya (the Preacher to the Prophets).

He advised the people to mend their ways and give up wrangling in evil ways.  The people turned a deaf ear to his advice and ridiculed him whenever they had got an opportunity.  They began to torture him.  The mischief makers used to sit in the way towards the residence of the Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him) and threatened his visitors of dire consequences.  They disgraced those who followed him.  He continued preaching and warned the evil doers by saying:

“And sit not down in every path, threatening and turning from the path of God those who believe in Him and craving to make it crooked.  Remember when you were few and He multiplied you; and see what was the end of the evil doers.  ”

Some haughty chiefs of the Madian tribe threatened the Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him) and his followers to  be banished from that locality.  The Holy Qur’an affirms:

“Said the crowd of those who were big with pride amongst his people: We Will surely turn you out, O’ Shu’aib and those who believe with thee from our village, or else you should return to our faith” (7: 88)

The Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him) was not coerced by such threats and went on conveying the message of Allah.  He reminded them of dreadful calamities which befell upon the previous nations The Holy Qur’an affirms:

“And, O’ my people! let not the schism with me cause you to sin so that there befall you that which befell the folk of Nuh? and the folk of Hod and the folk of Salih and the folk of Lut are not far off from you.” (11: 89)

Visitation Befalls upon them:

The people jocularly rejected the veracity and truth of the religion of Allah.  They tortured Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him)and his followers by transgressing all moral limits.  When they did not give up their obstinacy in doing evil actions, Allah destroyed them by descending dreadful chastisement upon them.  The Holy Qur’an says:

“And when Our Commandment came to pass, We saved Shu’aib and those who believed with him by a mercy from Us, and the awful cry seized those who did injustice and morning found them prostrate in their dwellings As though they had not dwelt there.  A far removal for Madian, even as Thamud had been removed afar.” (11:94,95)

“But they denied him, so there came on them the retribution of the day of gloom.  LO! it was the retribution of an awful day.” (16: 189)

Death and Burial:

After the perdition of that sinful nation.  Prophet Shu’aib (peace be upon him) settled in Hadramaut where he passed away after some time.  He was buried in Shaban near the Valley of Ibn ‘ALI.  The people came from far and wide to visit his sacred grave.

The Story of Shu’aib

(Peace be upon him)

Allah the Almighty revealed the story of Shu’aib (PBUH): « And to (the people of) Madyan (Madian) (We sent) their brother Shu’aib. He said: “O my people! Worship Allah, you have no other Ilah (God) but Him. Verily, a clear proof (sign) from your Lord has come unto you; so give full measure and full weight and wrong not men in their things, and do not mischief on the earth after it has been set in order, that will be better for you, if you are believers. And sit not on every road, threatening, and hindering from the Path of Allah those who believe in Him, and seeking to make it crooked. And remember when you were but few, and He multiplied you. And see what was the end of the Mufsideen (mischief-makers, corrupts, liars). And if there is a party of you who believes in that which I have been sent and a party who do not believe, so be patient until Allah judges between us, and He is the Best of judges.”

The chiefs of those who were arrogant among his people said: “We shall certainly drive you out, O Shu’aib, and those who hare believed with you from our town, or else you (all) shall return to our religion.”

He said: “Even though we hate it! We should have invented a lie against Allah if we returned to your religion, after Allah has rescued us from it. And it is not for us to return to it unless Allah, our Lord, should will. Our Lord comprehends all things in His Knowledge. In Allah (Alone) we put our trust. Our Lord! Judge between us and our people in truth, for You are the Best of those Who give judgment.”

The chiefs of those who disbelieved among his people said (to their people): “If you follow Shu’aib, be sure then you will be the losers!”

So the earthquake seized them and they lay (dead), prostrate in their homes. Those who belied Shu’aib, became as if they had never dwelt there (in their homes). Those who belied Shu’aib, they were the losers.

Then he (Shu’aib) turned from them and said: “O my people! I have indeed conveyed my Lord’s Messages unto you and I have given you good advice. Then how can I sorrow for the disbelieving people’s (destruction).”»Surah 7: 85-93

The people of Madyan were Arabs who lived in the country of Ma’an, part of which today is greater Syria. They were a greedy people who did not believe that Allah existed and who led wicked lives. They gave short measure, praised their goods beyond their worth, and hid their defects. They lied to their customers, thereby cheating them.

Allah sent His Prophet Shu’aib (PBUH) armed with many miracles. Shu’aib preached to them, begging them to be mindful of Allah’s favors and warning them of the consequences of their evil ways, but they only mocked him. Shu’aib remained calm as he reminded them of his kinship to them and that what he was doing was not for his personal gain.

They seized the belongings of Shu’aib and his followers, then drove them out of the city. The Messenger turned to his Lord for help, and his plea was answered. Allah sent down on them scorching heat, and they suffered terribly. On seeing a cloud gathering in the sky, they thought it would bring cool, refreshing rain, and rushed outside in the hope of enjoying the rainfall. Instead, the cloud burst, hurling thunderbolts and fire. They heard a thunderous sound from above, which caused the earth under their feet to tremble. The evil-doers perished in this state of horror.

Allah the Exalted stated: «The dwellers of Al-‘Aiyka (near Midian or Madyan) belied the Messengers. When Shu’aib said to them: “Will you not fear Allah (and obey Him)? I am a trustworthy Messenger to you. So fear Allah, keep your duty to Him, and obey me. No reward do I ask of you for it (my Message of Islamic Monotheism), my reward is only from the Lord of the ‘Alamin (mankind, jinn and all that exists). Give full measure, and cause no loss (to others). And weigh with the true and straight balance. And defraud not people by reducing their things, nor do evil, making corruption and mischief in the land. And fear Him Who created you and the generations of the men of old.”

They said: “You are only one of those bewitched! You are but a human being like us and verily, we think that you are one of the liars! So cause a piece of the heaven to fall on us, if you are of the truthful!”

He said: “My Lord is the Best Knower of what you do.”

But they belied him, so the torment of the day of shadow (a gloomy cloud) seized them, indeed that was the torment of a Great Day. Verily, in this is a sign, yet most of them are not believers. And verily! Your Lord, He is indeed the All-Mighty, the Most Merciful.» Surah 26: 176-191

The Story of Jonah (Yunus)

(Peace be upon him)     IBN KATHEER

Prophet Jonah (Yunus) also known as Dhan-Nun. About his people Almighty Allah said: «Was there any town (community) that believed (after seeing the punishment), and its Faith (at that moment) saved it (from the punishment)? (The answer is none,) – except the people of Jonah; when they believed, We removed from them the torment of disgrace in the life of the (present) world, and permitted them to enjoy for a while.» Surah 10: 98

The inhabitants of the town of Nineveh were idolators who lived a shameless life. Prophet YUNUS (PBUH) was sent to teach them the worship of Allah. The people disliked his interference in their way of worship, so they argued: “We and our forefathers have worshiped these gods for many years and no harm has come to us.”

Try as he might to convince them of the foolishness of idolatry and of the goodness of Allah’s laws, they ignored him. He warned them that if they kept on with their foolishness, Allah’s punishment would soon follow. Instead of fearing Allah, they told YUNUS that they were not afraid of his threats. “Let it happen,” they told him. YUNUS was disheartened. “In that case I will leave you to your misery!” So saying, he left Nineveh, fearing that Allah’s anger would soon follow. «And remember) Dhan-Nun (YUNUS), when he went off in anger, and imagined that We shall not punish him (i.e., the calamities which had befallen him)!» Surah 21:87

Hardly had he left the city when the skies began to change colour and looked as if they were on fire. The people were filled with fear by this sight. They recalled the destruction of the people of ‘Ad, Thamud and Nooh. Was theirs to be a similar fate? Slowly faith penetrated their hearts. They all gathered on the mountain and started to beseech Allah for His mercy and forgiveness. The mountains echoed with their cries. It was a momentous hour, filled with sincere repentance.

Allah removed His wrath and showered His blessings upon them once again. When the threatening storm was lifted, they prayed for the return of YUNUS so that he could guide them.

Meanwhile, YUNUS had boarded a small ship in the company of other passengers. It sailed all day in calm waters with a good wind blowing at the sails. When night came, the sea suddenly changed. A horrible storm blew as if it were going to split the ship into pieces. The waves looked wild. They rose up as high as mountains then plunged down like valleys, tossing the ship and sweeping over the deck.

Behind the ship, a large whale was splitting the water and opening its mouth. A command had been issued from Almighty Allah to one of the greatest whales of the sea to surface. It obeyed. The whale hurried to the surface of the sea and followed the ship as it had been commanded.

The tempest continued and the chief crewman asked the crew to lighten the ship’s heavy load. They threw their baggage overboard, but this was not enough. Their safety lay in reducing the weight further, so they decided among themselves to lighten their load by removing at least one person.

The captain directed: “We will make lots with all the travellers’ names. The one whose name is drawn will be thrown into the sea.” YUNUS knew this was one of the seamen’s traditions when facing a tempest. It was a strange polytheistic tradition, but it was practiced at that time. Jonah’s affliction and crisis began.

Here was the prophet, subjected to polytheistic rules that considered the sea and the wind to have gods that riot. The captain had to please these gods. YUNUS reluctantly participated in the lot, and his name was added to the other travellers’ names. The lot was drawn and “YUNUS” appeared.

Since they knew him to be the most honorable among them, they did not wish to throw him into the angry sea. Therefore, they decided to draw a second lot. Again YUNUS’s name was drawn. They gave him a final chance and drew a third lot. Unfortunately for Jonah, his name came up again.

YUNUS realised that Allah’s hand was in all this, for he had abandoned his mission without Allah’s consent. The matter was over, and it was decided that YUNUS should throw himself into the water. Jonah stood at the edge of the ship, looking at the furious sea. It was night and there was no moon. The stars were hidden behind a black fog. But before he could be thrown overboard, YUNUS kept mentioning Allah’s name as he jumped into the raging sea and disappeared beneath the huge waves.

The whale found YUNUS floating on the waves before it. It swallowed Jonah into its furious stomach and shut its ivory teeth on him as if they were white bolts locking the door of his prison. The whale dived to the bottom of the sea, the sea that runs in the abyss of darkness.

Three layers of darkness enveloped him, one above the other: the darkness of the whale’s stomach, the darkness of the bottom of the sea, the darkness of the night. YUNUS imagined himself to be dead, but his senses became alert when he found he could move. He knew that he was alive and imprisoned in the midst of three layers of darkness. His heart was moved by remembering Allah. His tongue was released soon after saying: «”La ilaha illa Anta (none has the right to be worshiped but You (O, Allah), Glorified (and Exalted) be You [above all that (evil) they associate with You]. Truly, I have been of the wrong-doers.”» Surah 21: 87

YUNUS continued praying to Allah, repeating this invocation. Fishes, whales, sea-weeds, and all the creatures that lived in the sea heard the voice of YUNUS praying, heard the celebration of Allah’s praises issuing from the whale’s stomach. All these creatures gathered around the whale and began to celebrate the praises of Allah in their turn, each in its own way and in its own language.

The whale also participated in celebrating the praises of Allah and understood that it had swallowed a prophet. Therefore it felt afraid; however, it said to itself: “Why should I be afraid? Allah commanded me to swallow him.”

Allah Almighty saw the sincere repentance of Jonah and heard his invocation in the whale’s stomach. Allah commanded the whale to surface and eject YUNUS onto an island. The whale obeyed and swam to the farthest side of the ocean. Allah commanded it to rise towards the warm, refreshing sun and the pleasant earth.

The whale ejected YUNUS onto a remote island. His body was inflamed because of the acids inside the whale’s stomach. He was ill, and when the sun rose, its rays burned his inflamed body so that he was on the verge of screaming for the pain. However, he endured the pain and continued to repeat his invocation to Allah.

Almighty Allah caused a vine to grow to considerable length over him for protection. Then Allah Exalted caused YUNUS to recover and forgave him. Allah told Jonah that if it had not been for his praying to Him, he would have stayed in the whale’s stomach till the Day of Judgment.

Almighty Allah recounted: «And, verily, YUNUS was one of the Messengers. When he ran to the laden ship, he (agreed to) cast lots, and he was among the losers, – Then a (big) fish swallowed him and he had done an act worthy of blame. Had he not been of them who glorify Allah, he would have indeed remained inside its belly (the fish) till the Day of Resurrection. But We cast him forth on the naked shore while he was sick, and We caused a plant of gourd to grow over him. And We sent him to a hundred thousand (people) or even more. And they believed; so We gave them enjoyment for a while.» Surah 37: 139-148

Gradually he regained his strength and found his way to his hometown, Nineveh. He was pleasantly surprised to notice the change that had taken place there. The entire population turned out to welcome him. They informed him that they had turned to believe in Allah. Together they led a prayer of thanksgiving to their Merciful Lord.

Ibn ‘Abbas narrated: “The prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: ‘One should not say that I am better than YUNUS Ibn Matta.” Sahih Al-Bukhari

The World of Jinn and Its Secrets (Q & A)

Sheikh M. S. Al-Munajjid, a prominent Muslim lecturer and author, who states:

“Allah Almighty has created certain creatures, some of them are known to us and some of them are not.

In his capacity as Allah’s vicegerent on earth, man is ordained by Allah to worship Him Alone without partners. Consequently, we should not get absorbed in stories about jinn, as it is not a form of worship.

The Qur’an and Sunnah indicate that jinn exist, and that there is a purpose for their existence in this life, which is to worship Allah Alone with no partner or associate. Allah Almighty says: “And I (Allah) created not the jinns and humans, except they should worship Me (Alone).” (Adh-Dhariyat: 56)

Scholars are in disagreement over the difference between jinn and demons. Some of them say that the word jinn goes far to encompass the jinn as well as the demons. The word also includes believing and unbelieving jinn. Allah Almighty says, “And among us there are righteous folk and among us there are far from that. We are sects having different rules.” (Al-Jinn: 11) “And there are among us some who have surrendered (to Allah) and there are among us some who are unjust. And whoso hath surrendered to Allah, such have taken the right path purposefully.” (Al-Jinn: 14)

However, the word demon or shaytan is used to refer to the unbelieving ones among the jinn. Allah Almighty says, “…and the devil was ever an ingrate to his Lord.‏” (Al-Isra’: 27)

The world of the jinn is an independent and separate world with its own distinct nature and features that are hidden from the world of humans. Jinns and humans have things in common, such as the ability to understand and choose between good and evil. The word jinn comes from the Arabic root meaning “hidden from sight”. Allah Almighty says: “… Verily he (shaytan) and his soldiers from the jinn or his tribe see you from where you cannot see them…” (Al-A`raf: 27)

Allah has told us in His Book the essence from which the jinn were created. He says: “And the jinn, We created aforetime from the smokeless flame o fire.” (Al-Hijr : 27) `A’ishah (may Allah be pleased with her) says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “The angels were created from light, the jinn were created from fire, and Adam was created from that which has been described to you.” (Reported by Muslim)

Types of jinn

Allah has created different types of jinn. Among them are some who can take on different forms such as dogs and snakes; some who are like flying winds with wings; and some who can travel and rest. Abu Tha`labah al-Khushni says that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) says: “The jinn are of three types: a type that has wings and they fly through the air; a type that looks like snakes and dogs; and a type that stops for a rest then resumes its journey.” (Reported by At-Tahawi in Mushkil Al-’Athar)

The jinn and the sons of Adam

Every individual among the sons of Adam has a jinn who has been appointed to be his constant companion (qarin). Ibn Mas`ud reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) says: “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) says: ‘There is not one of you who does not have a jinn appointed to be his constant companion.’ They said, ‘And you too, O Messenger of Allah?’ He said, ‘Me too, but Allah has helped me and he has submitted, so that he only helps me to do good.’” (Reported by Muslim)

Their powers

Allah has given jinn powers that he has not given to humans. Allah has told us about some of their powers such as the ability to move and travel quickly. One of the jinn guaranteed to Prophet Sulayman (Solomon, peace and blessings be upon him) that he would bring the throne of the Queen of Yemen to Jerusalem in a moment, faster than the time needed for someone to get up from where he was sitting. Allah Almighty says: “A stalwart of the Jinn said: I will bring it thee before thou canst rise from thy place. Lo! I verily am strong and trusty for such work. One with whom was knowledge of the Scripture said: I will bring it thee before thy gaze returneth unto thee. And when he saw it set in his presence, (Solomon said) This is of the bounty of my Lord. That He may try me whether I give thanks or am ungrateful. Whosoever giveth thanks he only giveth thanks for (the good of) his own soul: and whosoever is ungrateful (is ungrateful only to his own soul’s hurt). For lo! My Lord is Absolute in independence, Bountiful.” (An-Naml: 39-40)

‏The food and drink of jinn

Ibn Mas`ud reports that the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) says: “There came to me an inviter on behalf of the Jinn and I went along with him and recited to them the Qur’an.” He (the narrator) said: The Prophet then went along with us and showed us their traces and traces of their embers. The Jinn asked the Prophet about their provision and he said: “Every bone on which the name of Allah is recited is your provision. The time it will fall in your hand it would be covered with flesh, and (you can have) all the droppings as food for your animals.” The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “So do not use (these things) for cleaning yourselves (after relieving oneself), for they are the food and provision of your brothers (Jinn).” (Reported by Muslim)

The believing jinn may eat any bone on which the name of Allah has been mentioned, because the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) did not permit them to have anything on which Allah’s Name has not been mentioned – those are for the unbelieving jinn.

The beasts of the jinn

According to the Hadith reported by Ibn Mas`ud, that we have quoted above, the jinn asked the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) for provision, and he said to them: “…and (you can have) all the droppings as food for your animals.”

The dwelling-places of the jinn

The jinn live where we do live on this earth. They are mostly to be found in ruins and unclean places like bathrooms, dunghills, garbage dumps and graveyards. Hence the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught us to take precautions when entering such places, by reciting the adhkar (mentioning Allah’s Name) prescribed by Islam.

One of these are reported by Anas ibn Malik (may Allah be pleased with him) who says: “When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) entered the toilet, he would say, ‘Allahumma inni a`udhu bika min al-khubuthi wal-khaba’ith (O Allah, I seek Refuge with You from all offensive and wicked things [evil deeds and evil spirits]).’”

Some jinns are Muslims and some are non-Muslims

Allah tells us that some of the jinn said “And there are among us some who have surrendered (to Allah) and there are among us some who are unjust. And whoso hath surrendered to Allah, such have taken the right path purposefully.‏” (Al-Jinn: 14)

Protection from harm of jinn

Because jinn can see us while we cannot see them, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) taught us many ways to protect ourselves from their harm. They are seeking refuge of Allah from the accursed shaytan, reciting surat Al-Falaq and surat An-Nas, and reciting the words taught by Allah in the Qur’an. Allah Almighty says, “And say: My Lord! I seek refuge in Thee from suggestions of the evil ones. And I seek refuge in Thee, my Lord, lest they be present with me.” (Al-Mu’minun: 97-98)

Saying Bismillah (in the Name of Allah) before entering one’s home, eating or drinking, and having intercourse will keep Satan from entering the house or partaking with a person in his food, drink and sexual activity. Similarly, mentioning the name of Allah before entering the toilet or taking off one’s clothes will prevent the jinn from seeing a person in a state of undress or harming him. The Prophet (peace and blessings of be upon him) says: “To put a barrier that will prevent the jinn from seeing the `awrah of the sons of Adam, let any one of you say ‘Bismillah’ when entering the toilet.” (Reported by At-Tirmidhi)

Strength of faith and religion in general will also prevent jinn from harming a person, so much so that if they were to fight, the one who has faith would win. Ibn Mas`ud (may Allah be pleased with him) says: “A man from among the Companions of Muhammad met a man from among the jinn. They wrestled, and the human knocked down the jinn. The human said to him, ‘You look small and skinny to me, and your forearms look like the front paws of a dog. Do all the jinn look like this, or only you?’ He said, ‘No, by Allah, among them I am strong, but let us wrestle again, and if you defeat me I will teach you something that will do you good.’ The human said, ‘Fine.’ He said, ‘Recite (the verse): “Allah! There is no God save Him, the Alive, the Eternal. Neither slumber nor sleep overtaketh Him. Unto Him belongeth whatsoever is in the heavens and whatsoever is in the earth. Who is he that intercedeth with Him save by His leave? He knoweth that which is in front of them and that which is behind them, while they encompass nothing of His knowledge save what He will. His throne includeth the heavens and the earth, and He is never weary of preserving them. He is the Sublime, the Tremendous.” (Al-Baqarah: 255) The human said, ‘Fine.’ He said, ‘You will never recite this in your house but the shaytan will come out of it like a donkey breaking wind, and he will never come back in until the next morning.’” (Reported by Ad-Darami)

  What comes to your mind when you think of a Muslim woman? A mysterious, veiled victim of male oppression, awaiting Western liberation? A slogan-shouting terrorist? An uneducated foreigner with whom you have little or nothing in common? Unless your social circle includes Muslim friends and acquaintances, the chances are that your impressions of Muslim women have largely been formed by negative media stereotypes – images that usually have little to do with real life, and may have been designed to attract more viewers, sell more products, or gain support for someone’s political agenda. How much do you really know about Muslim women’s lives or views, and why does it matter? Well, for one thing, Muslims account for 20-25% of the people on this planet, and Islam has become the second main religion in Europe. But did you know that the majority of European and American converts to Islam are women – not men? Would it surprise you to learn that many women in the Muslim world feel sorry for Western women and view them as being victimised? Have you ever stopped to consider why Muslim women who immigrate to the West usually maintain their identity and strive to pass it on to their children? A thinking person may well ask, if Islam is as oppressive to women as some journalists would have us believe, why aren’t Muslim women running away in droves? What it is about Islam that attracts any followers outside its heartlands? 

In this brochure we aim to look beyond sensationalistic or alarmist stories to take a glimpse at what Islam has to offer educated women in today’s world, and understand why so many (men and) women of every race, colour, and social class have made Islam their choice. The truth, like real life, is beyond propaganda and stereotypes.

The Islamic view of women

First of all, women are portrayed positively in the Qur’an and the Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad). The Qur’an is the only book of world Scripture in which women are frequently referred to alongside men, and both are described as being friends and partners in faith. The following verses are just a few notable examples:

The believers, men and women, are protecting friends one of another; they promote the right and forbid the wrong, establish prayer, pay the poor-due, and they obey God and His messenger. As for these, God will have mercy on them. Surely God is Mighty, Wise. God has promised to believers, men and women, gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein, and beautiful mansions in gardens of everlasting bliss. But the greatest bliss is the good pleasure of God: that is the supreme felicity. (Qur’an 9:71-72)

Surely for men who surrender to God, and women who surrender 
and men who believe and women who believe; 
and men who obey and women who obey;
and men who speak the truth and women who speak the truth; 
and men who persevere (in righteousness) 
and women who persevere; 
and men who are humble and women who are humble;
and men who give alms and women who give alms;
and men who fast and women who fast;
and men who guard their modesty and women who guard 
(their modesty);and men who remember Allah much and women who remember – Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward. (Qur’an 33:35)

There is no question in Islam of men and women being at odds with one another, engaged in some kind of historical struggle for power. Rather, the roles of both are complementary and essential. The Qur’an states:

O mankind! Be mindful of your duty to your Lord, Who created you from a single being, and from it created its mate, and from the two of them has scattered countless men and women (throughout the earth). Fear God, in Whose (Name) you demand your rights of one another, and (be mindful of your duty) towards the wombs that bore you. God is ever Watching over you. (Qur’an 4:1)

Do not long for the favours by which God has made some of you excel others. Men shall have a share of what they have earned, and women shall have a share of what they have earned. (Do not envy each other) but ask God to give you of His bounty. God has knowledge of all things. (Qur’an 4:31-32)

The Prophet Muhammad augmented the revelations he received with further teachings and his wonderful personal example, which made him beloved by family and followers alike. He forbade violence against women, and preached against all forms of abuse of power. He warned that both men and women would be held accountable by God for those in their care or under their authority, and said:

Let no Muslim man entertain any bad feeling against a Muslim woman. If he should dislike one quality in her, he will find another that is pleasing.

The best of believers are those who are best to their wives and families.

The position of women in other religions

While these teachings may not seem very remarkable today, they were revolutionary at the time they were revealed, for Arabs and non-Arabs alike. While Muslim sons were being taught that Paradise lay at their mothers’ feet, women in Confucian China were told to obey their fathers, then their husbands, and finally their sons after their husbands’ death. Hindu women were declared to be unfit for independence, inherently weak, easily misled, sinful and unintelligent. In Buddhism, women were said to be the personification of evil. At the time, Jews and Christians believed women to be responsible for the downfall of the human race, and considered menstruation and childbirth to be the consequences of a Divine curse. One thousand years after Muhammad, in 1586, French Catholics were still debating whether or not women possessed souls! English Christians burned millions of women alive on the mere suspicion that they were witches. Married women in Europe did not gain the right to own property, obtain a divorce or enter into their own contracts until the 19th century. Not surprisingly, women who found such teachings unreasonable rebelled against them and fought for better treatment. Whereas other women have often had to pit themselves against the authority of a male priesthood, in Islam the dynamics of social change have been quite different.

Muhammad was greatly concerned with women’s rights

The Prophet Muhammad was an extremely successful social reformer as well as spiritual and political leader, who championed the rights of the weak and oppressed. The Qur’anic verses referring to women had the effect of vastly improving the status and rights of women at the time they were revealed. Muslim women were granted the right to own, inherit and dispose of their own property as they saw fit; reject forced marriages; keep their own names and identities after marriage; initiate divorce; and obtain an education – back in the 7th century. In contrast to the dismal situation affecting many women in developing countries today, early Muslim women were noted for their learning and accomplishments. The Prophet declared, ‘To seek knowledge is an obligation on every Muslim, male and female,’ and his own wife Aisha was responsible for transmitting thousands of his sayings to later generations. Aisha was also renowned for her knowledge of poetry, medicine, and Islamic law, as well as her personal qualities of character and intelligence. When she led a battle after the Prophet’s death, no one objected on the grounds that she was a woman. Many Muslim women in the medieval period enjoyed positions of respect as scholars and religious authorities. Therefore, Muslims seeking to improve the position of women in society have usually focused their efforts on getting men (and women) to practice Islam, rather than trying to ‘reform’ it, as happened with other religions. The main obstacles to Muslim women achieving the rights guaranteed to them, then and now, have been persistent un-Islamic cultural traditions (usually dating to the period before people accepted Islam in a given locality), inadequate religious education, and the bad side of human nature. 

Women’s roles, rights and obligations

Spiritual status
As shown in the Qur’anic verses above, women are considered to be the spiritual equals of men, and they have the same religious duties. This is all the more important when we consider that the main goal of a Muslim is to serve God, and that this world is regarded as no more than a testing-grounds to prepare oneself for eternal life after death. Therefore, worldly accomplishments, fame, wealth and power simply do not have the same attraction for a Muslim, whose main focus is on the Next World. The Qur’an repeatedly draws our attention to the fact that the time we spend in this world is short and unpredictable, and what really counts is our character, how we treat others, and what we do with the blessings God has given us. In this context, home and family are of paramount importance, since stable families are essential to the rearing of well-adjusted children who will transmit their faith and values to the next generation. According to a well-known Arab proverb, ‘The mother is a school.’

Social roles
Islam supports the traditional division of labour whereby women assume the main responsibility for home while men are responsible for their financial support, but with an important difference: motherhood and homemaking, like a Muslim’s inner life, are not considered to be less important or rewarding than a professional career. Indeed, motherhood is one of the most important professions, and competent mothers who can successfully run a warm and welcoming home, and raise a family of happy, confident and well-disciplined children are becoming increasingly harder to find. Muslim wives and mothers are granted the respect due to all women for the struggles and sacrifices they make for the sake of their families. Furthermore, Muslims consider it unfair to burden women with both the physical and emotional demands of motherhood and the professional demands of the workplace, which end up exhausting so many women and destroying family life for the sake of economic gain. Muslims often express sympathy for women in the West, who often suffer from sexual exploitation and abuse at home and in the workplace, while being unappreciated in their traditional roles. Western women who seek to be respected must often dress and behave like men, and are expected in practise to neglect their children’s needs for the sake of their careers. In Islam, femininity is appreciated, and Muslim women may seek a higher education, work outside the home or volunteer their services to benefit the community as long as their primary responsibilities are taken care of. Any money that a Muslim woman earns is her own, to spend as she likes; men remain solely responsible for maintaining the family.

Islamic marriage
Although Muslim parents traditionally play an important role in arranging introductions and helping to choose marriage partners for their children, both husband and wife must freely agree to the marriage. The Prophet granted girls who had been forced into marriages against their will the right to have their marriages annulled.

The relationship between husband and wife in Islam is an interdependent one, based on love and tranquillity. The Qur’an says,

And of His signs is this: He created spouses for you from among yourselves that you might find comfort in them, and He put between you love and mercy. Surely there are signs in that for people who reflect. (Qur’an 30:21)

Both parents should strive to establish a stable, loving home and partnership. Major family decision-making should be through consultation and discussion. As the provider, the husband is expected to take the lead, as he is accountable to God for his care of the family. If no agreement can be reached, the wife should be supportive as long as her husband does not ask her to do anything that contravenes religious law. This works well as long as each spouse behaves maturely and treats the other with respect, kindness and consideration. 

Codes of behaviour for women and men

In order to safeguard the moral integrity of family and society, Muslim men and women are expected to observe certain guidelines of behaviour that Westerners may find restrictive. Both sexes are expected to dress modestly in loose, non-transparent clothing and avoid situations that would put them alone with members of the opposite sex, or lead to temptation or misunderstandings. Muslim women additionally cover their hair, since women are ordinarily considered to be the more attractive of the sexes. These restrictions are not observed at home among close family members, but serve to protect women’s honour in public and draw attention to their personal qualities rather than their looks. In Islam, the sexual urge is considered to be natural and desirable as long as it is confined to expression within marriage. However, Muslims are saddened by the rise in the vulgar exploitation of women and the human body for marketing purposes and pornography, which inevitably result in a cheapening of sexuality and the undermining of family and spiritual life.

Islam’s appeal to today’s woman

For women who enjoy being women and appreciate the differences (as well as the common ground) between the sexes, who would prefer to be respected for their intelligence and character rather than being chased after for their looks, and who would like to pursue personal and spiritual fulfilment at a human pace without having to neglect their families, Islam is a very appealing alternative. 

A few words about polygamy…

Many people are aware that Muslim men are permitted to marry more than one wife. What is not generally known is that strict conditions of equal treatment in terms of time and money are imposed on men who do, or that women may stipulate in their marriage contracts that they have the right to divorce if their husbands take another wife. In reality, monogamy is the norm and polygamy the exception; it has never been common among Muslims except in areas where it was already practised, and it is seldom successful unless the first wife agrees. Islam did not introduce polygamy; in reality, some form of polygamy – whether with legal marriages, mistresses, prostitution or extra-marital affairs – occurs in every society. Rather, it allowed and regulated it in order to protect the women and children who might otherwise be taken advantage of. In certain cases, such as when the first wife is chronically (or mentally) ill or unable to bear children; when there are many widows and orphans due to war; or when a marriage has effectively broken down but the wife would prefer to remain married; open and legalised polygamy can be a workable second-best solution.

The Prophet Muhammad was married to his first wife, Khadijah, for 25 years, and he did not take other wives until after her death. His marriages to several widows and divorcees in later years were primarily contracted for political and humanitarian reasons, as was expected of a man in his position. His home life was characterised by love, consideration, kindness and respect.

 ISLAMIC PRINCIPLES AND LEGAL REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO INHERITANCE

 IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE ALL COMPASSIONATE THE MOST MERCIFUL “From

What is left by parents and those nearest related – there is a share for men and a share for women. – Whether the property be large or small. A share made FARDH (COMPULSORY)”. (Qur’an: Surah 4, Verse 7). .

This verse lays down the general principles of the Islamic Law of Succession and makes mention of three pertinent facts.

 1) “Those nearest related” The criteria for determining the legal heirs and their proportionate shares are based on the law of “proximity of relation” to the deceased. This proximity is also determined by Allah and is not left to the fallible and subjective discretion of man. The Holy Qur’an states: “Between your fathers and sons, you do not know which of them is nearer to you in benefit. Allah is undoubtedly Most Knowledgeable and Most Wise” (SOrah 4, Verse 11) Allah has accordingly specified the shares of beneficiaries based on the law of proximity of relationship and not on the material needs of the beneficiaries. Financial needs are relative. A rich person may become poor, he could become incapacitated or terminally ill and likewise a poor person may become rich overnight.

 2) “A share for men and a share for women” During the days of “Jahilliyah” (pre-Islamic ignorance) only those who could fight and defend the family name were entitled to inherit. Women and children were thus naturally excluded from the estate. Even in contemporary law the “freedom of testation” allows an individual to beneficiate whoever he so wishes. Women are therefore not guaranteed a share from the estate. Islam, however guarantees the right of both women and children to inherit from the estate. The protagonist of “reform” claim that Islam denies women their fair share of inheritance. They say that since she generally inherits less than her male counterpart she is denied equitable and fair treatment. This call for “abstract” justice may seem justified if the laws of inheritance are not studied within the broader context of the social value system of Islam.

 In Islam, a woman retains total ownership of her property after marriage. Any income derived from her assets remains exclusively hers. She is not obliged to maintain herself or her family even if she is wealthy. In contrast to these privileges a male has to maintain:

 a) Himself b) His parents c) His wife and children d) His poor relatives. Considering these social responsibilities, it could be said that in real terms, a female, in fact, inherits more than a male, e.g. a hundred rands that a male inherits may have to be spent on five members of the family whilst the fifty rands a female inherits is over and above the maintenance she receives from her male guardian.

 3) “A share made compulsory” The Qur’an has fixed the shares of each individual. These cannot be altered or changed by man. The shares of the heirs as determined by the Qur’an are binding just as the numbers of rakats are binding in salat. Some common errors

 1 ) A daughter is given a substantial gift at the time of nikah and is then excluded from the estate. 2) A testator sometimes stipulates that all his assets go to his wife and after her demise to their children. 3) A father may leave his business to a particular son who works with him in the business and thereby excludes the others.

4) Parents for various reasons disown a particular son or daughter and thus exclude him/her from the will.

 5) A testator determines his heirs and their respective shares according to his discretion and not in accordance with the injunctions of the Qur’an. A gift during your lifetime A parent may for a valid reason (e.g. service to parents) during his lifetime donate a particular asset to one of his children provided that the purpose of the gift is not to cause harm to the remaining heirs. Observing equality in parental gifts or grants to children is preferable but not binding. If the parent elects to divide his estate in his lifetime solely to avoid a dispute between his heirs after his death, then the lifetime transfers, will be regarded as gifts or grants, in which case he should preferably observe equality. The administration of the estate The estate of the deceased must be strictly administered in the following order:

 1) Payment of burial expenses. 2) Payment of debts. 3) Payment of legacies and bequeathed religious obligations up to a maximum of one third of the remaining estate. . 4) Distribution to legal heirs according to the laws of the shariah. Payment of debts and religious obligations Nabi _ has said: “It does not befit a believer who is (obliged) to make a wasiyyah to spend (even) two nights without making a record thereof.” (Bukhari – Muslim) A Muslim is obliged to keep a record of, and declare the following:

 1 ) Creditors. 2) Amanah (Items entrusted to him for safe-keeping). 3) Unfulfilled religious obligations. 4) Debtors. NOTE: This is a day to day document that has to be updated on a regular basis and does not form part of the will. See attached schedules. Legacies A testator also has the option of bequeathing a maximum of one third of his estate to persons who are not his heirs. However, if a bequest is made to an heir, it will be subject to the approval of the remaining heirs. Matrimonial regime Islamic marriages are governed by an antenuptial contract. Marriage in community of property is not consistent with the Islamic Law of Inheritance. Those married in community of property will have to change their matrimonial regime to facilitate an Islamic distribution of their estates. Annuities and Life Policies The aggregate amount of premiums paid will form part of the estate. The balance represented by the difference between the proceeds of the policy/ies and the total premium paid must be given to charity, without the intention of reward as a compulsory distribution of an unlawful gain. The consequences of a wrong will Nab! _ has said: IIA man or woman may devoutly obey Allah for sixty years. Yet when death approaches them, they act wrongfully (when making) their will, as a result the fire becomes binding for them.” (Ahmad) May Allah grant us the strength and courage to be submissive to His Word at all times. (Amin) Payment of burial expenses Funeral expenses include cost of kafn, grave and all expenses directly related to the burial. It excludes feeding guests attending the funeral. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS Execution of Wills The execution of Wills is governed by the Wills Act 7 of 1953, as amended. It must be signed by the testator/testatrix. The testator/testatrix should sign the Will with his/her usual signature. Such signature must be made by the testator/testatrix in the presence of two or more competent witnesses present at the same time. Such witnesses must attest and sign the Will in the presence of the testator/testatrix and of each other. If the Will consists of more than one page, each page other than the page on which it ends, must also be SIGNED by the testator/testatrix and by such witnesses. Every page of the Will must be signed by the testator/testatrix as well as the same witnesses who attest at the end of the Will all being present. If the Will is signed by the testator/testatrix by the making of a mark, a magistrate, justice of the peace, commissioner of oaths or notary public must certify at the end thereof that he/she has satisfied himself/herself as to the identity of the testator/testatrix and that the Will so signed is the Will of the testator/testatrix; if the Will consists of more than one page, each page other than the page on which it ends must also be signed by the magistrate, justice of the peace, commissioner of oaths or notary public who so certifies. The Act does, however, prescribe that the certificate is to be at the end of the Will. It is suggested that the certificate be placed as close as possible to the testator’s/testatrix’s mark on the last page. Capacity to make a Will Any person of the age of 16 years or over may make a Will. Witnessing a Will Every person who is over the age of 14 years is competent to witness a Will. A witness cannot sign by making a mark. NO BENEFICIARY MA Y SIGN AS A WITNESS. Capacity to benefit under a Will All persons including corporate bodies may benefit under a Will. The following persons are, however, disqualified from taking benefits: A person who has unduly influenced the testator/testatrix to give him/her a benefit under the Will. A person who has written the Will on behalf of the testator/testatrix cannot take a benefit under such a Will. Such a person cannot be appointed as Executor under the Will written by him/her. A person who witnesses a Will or a person who was his/her spouse at the time of attestation cannot take a benefit under such a Will.

AMAZING NUMBERS IN THE NOBLE QURAN

1-Dunia (one name for life) repeated 115—- Aakhirat (one name for the life After this world) 115

2-Malaika (Angels) 88 .Shayteen (Satan) 88

3-Life 145…… Death 145

4-Benefit 50 . Corrupt 50

5-People 50 .. Messengers 50

6-Eblees (devil) 11 . Seek refuge from Eblees 11

7-Museebah (calamity) 75 . Thanks   75

8-Spending (Sadaqah) 73 . Satisfaction 73

9-People who are mislead 17 . Dead people 17

10-Good deeds 167 – evil deeds 167

11- Zakat (Taxes Muslims pay to the poor) 32-Barakah
(Increasing or blessings of wealth) 32

12-Man 24. Woman 24

And amazingly enough have a look how many times, the
following words appear:

13-Salat is mentioned 5 times, amazingly the word Month is
mentioned 12 time and the word Day is mentioned 365

14-the word Sea  is
mentioned 32 , and the word Land 13

Sea + land = 32+ 13= 45

Sea = 32/45*100q.= 71.11111111%

Land = 13/45*100 = 28.88888889%

Sea + land  100.00%

Modern science has only recently proven that the water covers
71.111% of the earth , while the land covers 28.889%.

Is this a coincidence? Question for the non Muslims is who
taught Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) all this?

Answer is in the Quran where the almighty Allah says

“  وما ينطق عن الهوى إن هو إلا وحي يوحى”
“He (Muhammad s.a.w) doesn’t speak of his own desire,
it is but a revelation that was revealed to him “

Family Planning & Birth Control In Islam

By Jamaal Zarabozo
The question of family planning and birth control was discussed in detail by
the Majma al-Fiqh al-Islaami. They had twenty three scholars research this
topic and present their findings on this matter.

The participants involved represented many different trends and schools of
thought. Among the participants were Muhammad Ali al-Baar, Ali al-Saaloos,
Muhammad Saeed Ramadhan al-Booti, Abdullah al-Basaam, Hasan Hathoot and
Muhammad Sayid Tantaawi. Their proceedings, papers and discussions may be found
in Part One of the Fifth Volume of Majallah Majma al-Fiqh al-Islaami (1988/1409
A.H.). These proceedings are 748 pages all about the question of birth control
and related issues.

The following are important points related to the issue of birth control in
Islam. These were mentioned by some of the participants in the above program:

* The institution of marriage and the want to have children was the custom of
the best of creation, the prophets and messengers chosen by Allah. Allah says
about them: “And indeed We sent messengers before you and made for them
wives and offspring” (al-Raad 38)

* The best example for the believers is the example of the prophet Muhammad
(saw), who married and had children. These prophets and messengers are the
people whom Muslims should look to emulate. Allah says:

“They are those whom Allah has guided. So follow their guidance”
(al-Anaam 90)

* They should be emulated and not the disbelievers of the West, whose new
lifestyles – mostly out of concern for enjoying this life or obtaining as many
worldly goods as possible – discourage women from having more children.

* Islam has forbidden celibacy, monasticism and castration for such purposes.
The prophet (saw) made this clear when he told those companions who were considering
acetic forms of life: “I pray and I sleep; I fast and I break my fast; and
I marry women. Whoever turns away from my way of life is not from me.”

The prophet (saw) not only encouraged marriage but he encouraged marrying those
women who are child-bearing. He stated: “marry the loving, child-bearing
women for I shall have the largest numbers among the prophets on the day of
Resurrection.” (Recorded by Ahmad and ibn Hibban.)

* From the Islamic perspective, children are a gift and a blessing from Allah.
Allah mentions some of the bounties that He has bestowed upon mankind in the
following verse:

“And Allah has made for you spouses of your own kind and has made for you,
from your wives, sons and grandsons, and has bestowed upon you good provisions.”
(al-Nahl 72)
Allah also said:
“Wealth and children are the adornment of the life of this world.”
(al-Kahf 46)

* The only true provider for all mankind is Allah. If Muslims follow what Allah
has prescribed for them, Allah will provide for them. Allah has warned about
killing one’s children out of fear of poverty for either parents or the child.
Allah says:
“Kill not your children because of poverty – We provide sustenance for you
and for them” (al-Anaam 151)
Allah also says:
“And kill not your children for fear of poverty. We shall provide for them
as well as for you. Surely, the killing of them is a great sin” (al-Isra
31)
Hence, Muslims should never abort or kill their children out of fear of
poverty. It is Allah who provides for them.
Based on the above points and numerous others, the scholars who participated in
the research on this question came up with the following resolution:

-It is not allowed to enact a general law that limits the freedom of
spouses in having children.

-It is forbidden to “permanently” end a man’s or a woman’s
ability to produce children, such as by having a hysterectomy or vasectomy, as
long as that is not called for by circumstances of necessity according to its
Islamic framework.

-It is permissible to control the timing of births with the intent of
distancing the occurrences of pregnancy or to delay it for a specific amount of
time, if there is some Shariah need for that in the opinion of the spouses,
based on mutual consultation and agreement between them. However, this is
conditioned by that not leading to any harm, by it being done by means that are
approved in the Shariah and that it not do anything to oppose a current and
existing pregnancy.